shuoqihuangyou,dajiadoubumosheng。jishimeijianguohuangyou,yechiguonaxiegeshigeyangdehuangyoumianbao,huangyoubinggan。raner,youbushaorenhaibuzhidaohuangyouqishishiyizhongruzhipin。huangyou(butter),台灣稱之為奶油,香港稱之為牛油。根據中國食品安全國家標準,與butter對應的是黃油或者奶油,而與cream對應的是稀奶油。
黃油的曆史:可吃,也可用說起來,黃油也是一種有著悠久曆史的食品。最早關於黃油的記載可以追溯到4500nianqiandeyikuaishihuiyanshang,shangmianyituhuadexingshibiaoxianledangshihuangyoudeshengchanguocheng。chulezuoweishipin,youyudangshihuangyoudezhenxiyijigeirendechunjinggan,zaixuduowenhuazhong,tadouzengbeiyongyuyixiezongjiaoyishi。
黃油在曆史上的用途堪比萬金油,被世界各地的人廣泛應用於日常生活中的方方麵麵。古希臘人和古羅馬人曾經把黃油當作“早晚霜”塗在皮膚上,當作“發蠟”摸在頭發上,以達到“油頭粉麵”的de美mei容rong效xiao果guo。而er古gu埃ai及ji人ren則ze把ba黃huang油you當dang作zuo治zhi療liao眼yan部bu感gan染ran的de藥yao物wu,並bing塗tu抹mo在zai皮pi膚fu上shang來lai治zhi療liao皮pi膚fu感gan染ran和he燒shao傷shang。北bei歐ou人ren認ren為wei食shi用yong黃huang油you可ke以yi預yu防fang腎shen髒zang和he膀pang胱guang結jie石shi。英ying國guo也ye有you個ge古gu老lao的de習xi俗su,就jiu是shi送song給gei新xin婚hun夫fu婦fu一yi壇tan黃huang油you,以yi祝zhu福fu他ta們men多duo子zi多duo福fu。
zuichuzaiouzhou,huangyoubeiguluomarenheguxilarenshiweiyemanrencaichidedongxi。zhidaoshiwushijiyihou,huangyoucaimanmandilaileyicihualidezhuanshen,bianchenglecaifuyushehuadexiangzheng。erzheyizhuanshenbingmeichixuduojiu,suizhegongyegemingzhihougongyehuashengchandefazhan,huangyoudeshengchanxiaolvdeyitigao,shengchanchengbenzedafujiangdi,yuanbenzuoweishechipindehuangyouzhujianchuxianzaileputonglaobaixingdecanzhuoshang。
此外,現今還有很多藝術家以黃油為原料來創作藝術作品。
黃油雕塑作品:農家生活,作者:Jim Victor
黃油雕塑作品:瑪麗蓮夢露,作者:Shawn Bowman
稀奶油和黃油是什麼關係?那麼黃油是如何生產出來的呢?
牛奶是一種乳濁液,其中含有3.6%左右的脂肪。這些脂肪以小脂肪球的形式分散在牛奶中,它們的直徑很小,通常在0.1-20微米之間。為什麼這些小脂肪球不會聚集到一起從而讓牛奶分層呢?這就得說一說乳脂的構成:乳脂中有98%以上的都是以甘油三酯為主的中性脂肪,剩下的不到2%dezeshiyilinzhiweizhudejixingzhifang。zhexiexiaozhifangqiuzuilimianshishushuideganyousanzhi,zaiganyousanzhiwaimianzebaoguoleyicengyoulinzhihedanbaizhigouchengdemo。zhecengmoshushuideyicekaozhetongyangshushuideganyousanzhi,erqinshuidezheyicezeluzaiwaimian,congershidezhexiexiaozhifangqiukeyixiangduiwendingdicunzaiyuniunaizhong,erbuhuixianghujujiqilai。
然(ran)而(er),雖(sui)然(ran)脂(zhi)肪(fang)球(qiu)與(yu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)球(qiu)之(zhi)間(jian)不(bu)會(hui)融(rong)合(he)聚(ju)集(ji),但(dan)是(shi)它(ta)們(men)的(de)密(mi)度(du)畢(bi)竟(jing)還(hai)是(shi)更(geng)小(xiao)一(yi)些(xie)。因(yin)而(er)牛(niu)奶(nai)放(fang)置(zhi)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)長(chang)了(le),脂(zhi)肪(fang)就(jiu)會(hui)慢(man)慢(man)浮(fu)到(dao)上(shang)層(ceng)。利(li)用(yong)這(zhe)個(ge)密(mi)度(du)的(de)差(cha)異(yi),我(wo)們(men)就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)離(li)心(xin)的(de)原(yuan)理(li)把(ba)牛(niu)奶(nai)分(fen)成(cheng)稀(xi)奶(nai)油(you)和(he)脫(tuo)脂(zhi)奶(nai)。
稀奶油變黃油的過程。
稀奶油含有大約40%的脂肪和大約60%deshuifen,zhexiezhifangyeshiyizhifangqiudexingshifensanzaishuizhong。zhifangqiubeiwaibiaomiandemofengezhe,yinerbicibunengjuhe。erzhifangqiuzhouweizebeilianxudeshuibaowei。yushiwomenshuozheshishuibaoyou。zheshihou,ruguowomenduixinaiyoushijiayigejixiewaili,pohuaidiaobaoweizhezhifangqiudemo,zekeyirangbenlaibicigulidezhifangqiutuanjiezaiyiqi。ruguowomentongshizaibaochiyigejiaodidewendu,rangzhifangninggu(牛乳脂的凝固點在30攝氏度左右),zeduoyudeshuifenjiuhuiyuzhifangfenli。manmandi,ninggudezhifangxiaokelizehuxiangzhanzaiyiqi,xingchengyidatuo。zheshihou,shengxiadeshaoliangdeshuifenzeyixiaoyedidexingshifensanzailezhifangzhong,shuibaoyoudejumiannizhuanchengleyoubaoshui,xinaiyoujiubianchenghuangyoule。
zaishijideshengchanguochengzhong,tongchanghuixianduixinaiyoujinxingbashixiaodu,yifangmianxiaomieqizhongdeweishengwu,baozhengjunyidechanpinzhiliang,lingyifangmianyekeyirangqizhongdezhifangmeiheyanghuahaiyuanmeishihuo,congerxianzhitamenduiruzhidefenjieheyanghuazuoyong。ranhou,haiyaozaixinaiyouzhongjiezhongtedingderusuanjun,yifajiaochanshenghuangyouteyoudefengweiwuzhi。zhihouzaiduixinaiyoujinxingjiliedejiaoda,congerwanchengcongshuibaoyoudaoyoubaoshuidefanxiangguocheng。zuihou,zeshitongguohuanmanrouhedejiaoban,rangbuchengxingdehuangyoukuaibianchengjunyidehuangyou。zaizuihouzheyibu,haikeyijiaruyanfenlaishengchanxianhuangyouhuozhebanxianhuangyou。tongchang,shengchan1千克的黃油,需要20升的全脂牛奶(隻利用其中的脂肪成分)。
黃油味美,也不要貪吃哦黃油是美味的,法國甚至有句老話叫“沒有黃油,不成大餐”。黃油可以直接塗抹在麵包上食用,也可以用來烹飪其它食物,還可以用來做糕點餅幹。黃油中80%以上的是脂肪,另外含有不到16%的水分,剩下的則是殘留的蛋白質、糖類、礦物質以及維生素等。黃油含有較高的熱量,100克黃油含有3136千焦(750千卡)的熱量,比巧克力含有的熱量還高出許多(100克黑巧克力含有大約2200千焦的熱量)。大家可能不知道的是,黃油除了能為人體提供較多的熱量,還富含脂溶性維生素(維生素A、D、E、K),尤其是維生素A,吃10克黃油就可以提供8%人體每日所需的維生素A。
然而,黃油也含有較高的膽固醇,每100克黃油含有240-280毫(hao)克(ke)膽(dan)固(gu)醇(chun),所(suo)以(yi)被(bei)認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)是(shi)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)心(xin)血(xue)管(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)等(deng)健(jian)康(kang)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)之(zhi)一(yi)。因(yin)此(ci),已(yi)經(jing)有(you)高(gao)血(xue)脂(zhi)的(de)人(ren),黃(huang)油(you)還(hai)是(shi)少(shao)吃(chi)為(wei)妙(miao),不(bu)過(guo)對(dui)於(yu)脂(zhi)代(dai)謝(xie)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)人(ren),適(shi)度(du)食(shi)用(yong)黃(huang)油(you)並(bing)不(bu)會(hui)對(dui)身(shen)體(ti)帶(dai)來(lai)什(shen)麼(me)損(sun)害(hai)。由(you)於(yu)黃(huang)油(you)中(zhong)的(de)維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)容(rong)易(yi)被(bei)破(po)壞(huai)掉(diao),最(zui)好(hao)是(shi)直(zhi)接(jie)把(ba)黃(huang)油(you)塗(tu)抹(mo)在(zai)麵(mian)包(bao)上(shang)生(sheng)吃(chi)。雖(sui)然(ran)黃(huang)油(you)也(ye)是(shi)乳(ru)製(zhi)品(pin),但(dan)是(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)隻(zhi)含(han)有(you)微(wei)量(liang)的(de)乳(ru)糖(tang),因(yin)而(er)即(ji)使(shi)有(you)乳(ru)糖(tang)不(bu)耐(nai)症(zheng)的(de)人(ren),吃(chi)黃(huang)油(you)也(ye)不(bu)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)不(bu)適(shi)。
name,meitianchiyidiandianhuangyou,namaiyikuaiqibushichibuwanjiuyaohuaidiaole?zhedaobuyongdanxin,huangyoudezhuyaochengfenshizhifang,weishengwubunengzaishangmianshengcunfanzhi,weiyixuyaozhuyidejiushizhifangdeyanghuaheshuijie,ruguochucunwenduguogaohuozhebaozhuangbuyan,zhifangsuanyanghuahuozheshuijiezekenengchanshengyixiehuifaxingdetongleihequanlei,ranghuangyouchanshengnanwendeqiwei。yinci,meicishiyongshizhuyichiduoshaojiekaiduoshaobaozhuang,bingqiezhihoujidebaohaozaifanghuibingxiang。lingwai,ruguomaideliangtaiduo,keyijianghuangyoulengdong,dengxuyaochideshihou,jidetiqianwuliugexiaoshifanghuilengzangshijiedongjike。


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